Yosunai (யோசனை)

The four great sayings

The four Mahavakyas, or "Great Sayings," are concise statements from the Upanishads that encapsulate the core teaching of Advaita Vedanta: the identity of the individual self (Atman) with the ultimate reality (Brahman).

Each is associated with one of the four Vedas and offers a different perspective on this single truth.

  1. Prajnanam Brahma

    • Brahman is Consciousness. (Rig Veda)
    • Meaning: This is a description of the ultimate reality. It states that the fundamental substance of the universe is not matter, but pure, intelligent awareness. It defines what God is.

  2. Aham Brahmasmi

    • I am Brahman. (Yajur Veda)
    • Meaning: This is a statement of direct, personal realization. After understanding Brahman is consciousness, the individual realizes their own true Self is not the body or mind, but that same universal consciousness. It's a declaration of one's true nature.

  3. Tat Tvam Asi

    • Thou art That. (Sama Veda)
    • Meaning: This is a teacher's instruction to a student. "Tat" (That) refers to Brahman (the ultimate reality), and "Tvam" (Thou) refers to the student's innermost Self (Atman). The teacher is pointing out that they are one and the same.

  4. Ayam Atma Brahma

    • This Self is Brahman. (Atharva Veda)
    • Meaning: This is a statement for contemplation. It brings the ultimate truth into the immediate present, asserting that the very Self you are examining within ("Ayam" - this) is identical to the absolute reality of Brahman.